The History of Negative Pressure Ventilation

Hayek Is The Innovator Of Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation

Dr. Zamir Hayek set out to design the ideal ventilator that would be a clinical tool to assist nearly anyone. He achieved his goal with the Hayek RTX ventilator. In doing so, he birthed a new and powerful pulmonary treatment concept, Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation (BCV).

image

The Ideal Ventilator Solution

BCV™ provides ventilation by controlling both phases of the respiratory cycle. It also has a secretion clearance (HFCWO) option, cough option, and has been shown to increase pulmonary muscle strength.

BCV™ works by applying a cuirass shell to your chest, which creates suction and results in negative pressure. This suction draws your diaphragm downward, causing your ribs to expand, inducing a breath in. During the expiratory phase, positive pressure is applied through the cuirass, which causes your diaphragm to move back up, providing a breath out.

TIMELINE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION

Take a look at the evolution of the ideal ventilator solution.

1914

Artificial Respiration Machine

  • In Denver, Colorado a physician developed an “artificial respiration” device, which predates Drinker and Shaw’s design, however he did not file a patent.

1916

Polio Epidemic

  • First wave of poliomyeltis hits North America.
  • Saturday, June 17, 1916 in Brooklyn an official announcement was made of the polio epidemic.
  • In that year, the United States saw more than 6000 deaths and 27000 infections.

1921

Franklin Roosevelt

  • In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracts polio, which leaves his legs paralyzed.

1929

Phillip Drinker and Louis A. Shaw develop first negative pressure ventilator

  • Members of Harvard University faculty, Dr. Phillip Drinker and Dr. Louis Agassiz develop the first negative pressure “respiration apparatus”.
  • Their device could create pressures of -60 cmH2O and rates between 10 and 40 breaths per minutes. “The pressure was initiated at -18 cmH2O and the patient was asked to count out loud as pressure was adjusted until the patient could no longer speak.”

1931

John Emerson’s "Iron Lung"

  • Biomedical inventor John Haven “Jack” Emerson improves negative pressure ventilator, making a version that is lighter in weight, less expensive and quieter than Drinker and Shaw’s design.
  • His first unit was finished in 1931.
  • Emerson would later be sued by Drinker and Shaw, but won the case.

1932

Rocking Bed

  • At the estimated rate of normal respiration, patients would be tilted head to foot.
  • When head was tilted down, the diaphragm would be pushed by the contents of the abdomen assisting in expiration.
  • When head was tilted up, gravity caused the abdomen to descend in conjunction with the diaphragm assisting in inspiration.

1940

Polio Epidemic Continues

  • Polio epidemic continues to be a concern in North America throughout the 1940’s, innovation ensued. New version of negative pressure ventilation were invented utilizing a cuirass shell or tight fitted garments.
  • Polio took 2720 lives in the US and there were 42173 cases reported

1947

Dual Cuirass Respirator

  • Charles Wilm developed a duel negative pressure cuirass ventilator

1948

F.T. Wallin Patent Filed

  • A patent for the portable respirator using negative pressure ventilation with a garment and shell was filed in 1948 by Francis Wallin.
  • Trend continued, air-tight garment, like ponchos and raincoats was used to ensure a better seal

1952

Worst Polio Outbreak in US History

  • In 1952, there were 57628 cases, 21269 ended up with some form of paralysis, and 3145 people died.
  • As a response and with limited availability of iron lungs and other negative pressure ventilators around the country, a magazine published blue prints for “do-it-yourselfers” on constructing a wooden negative pressure ventilator.

1958

Ventilator Innovation

  • A negative pressure ventilator was developed for multiple people by Dr. James Wilson at Boston Children’s Hospital.
  • Throughout 1950’s, other forms of negative cuirass ventilation were created such as the Emerson Chest Respirator and the Thompson Ventilator.
  • 1958 welcomed the Pneumobelt, which used an inflatable belt that was applied around the patient waist and would inflate and deflate to assist in ventilation.

1960

Emerson Raincoat

  • Like F.T. Wallins designs a case that would enclose the thorax with an airtight raincoat producing negative pressure for inhalation.

1970-1990

The Age of Positive Pressure Ventilation

  • Other forms of negative pressure ventilation would be used and designed, but would later fall out of favor for the less bulky and, at the time, easier to apply, forms of positive pressure ventilation, except for select circumstances.

1993

Hayek Oscillator

  • The precursor to the Hayek RTX Biphasic Cuirass Ventilator, the Hayek Oscillator was designed by Dr. Zamir Hayek in response to the negative side effects associated with PPV, particularly with children in mind.
  • The Hayek Oscillator was a non-invasive high frequency chest ventilator, which controlled both phases of respiratory cycle.

1997

First home use of the Hayek Oscillator

  • The Hayek Oscillator was easy to apply and operate, and used at Home in Secretion Management.

2000

Hayek RTX Biphasic Cuirass Ventilator (BCV) Introduced

  • BCV is one of few ventilators in present times that offers negative pressure ventilation, biphasic cuirass ventilation and the only to provide true high-frequency chest wall oscillation

2008

Hayek RTX First use in USA

  • In 2008, the Hayek RTX was used on the its first US patient in Buffalo, New York
  • Dr. Joe Cronin with others from the Lung & Cystic Fibrosis Center announce the FDA has cleared for use the Hayek RTX Ventilator within weeks after Cystic Fibrosis patient Tyler Blake, 26, of Celoron, NY, became the first and only patient in the United States to receive treatment from this device at WCHOB

2009

First home use of RTX

  • Patient discharged from Temple University Hospital and sent home with BCV.

Would you like to know more?

In many cases, Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation (BCV™) can provide a safe, effective means of ventilation for those who would like to avoid traditional methods of ventilation. Get connected with us and see how BCV™ can help today!



What are other benefits of Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation (BCV™)?

Contact us now to learn more about BCV features.



✓ BCV™ offers a Secretion Clearance and Cough Option to effectively break up and remove secretions without needing to switch devices.

✓ BCV™ provides patient autonomy. Unlike other forms of ventilation, BCV™ allows patients the ability to eat, drink and talk while being ventilated, which allows patients to be an active participant in their treatment.

✓ BCV™ is more comfortable. BCV™ uses an external cuirass shell with a soft foam seal to ventilate, which many patients find more comfortable than other forms of ventilation.

✓ BCV™ offers a variety of shell sizes to fit adults, children, infant and even neonates.

✓ BCV™ is available for both hospitals and home care patients.

macbook

TESTIMONIALS

Get in Touch